Education:

1971-75 Baccalaureate: Cornell University (Anatomy and Physiology)

1976-80 Medical Doctorate: Temple University School of Medicine

Postgraduate Training And Fellowship Appointments:

1980-81 Surgical Internship, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1981-82 Postdoctoral Fellowship in Orthopaedic Surgery Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

1982-85 Clinical Residency in Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1984 Instructional and Laboratory Course in Operative Microsurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1985-86 Postgraduate Fellowship in Arthroscopic and Athletic Trauma Surgery, Temple University Center for Sports Medicine and Science, Philadelphia, PA

1989 Laboratory Course and Certification in Arthroscopic Laser Surgery, Silver Springs, MD

1996 Carticel Service Training and Certification to perform Autologous Chondrocyte Re-implantation procedures, Genzyme Inc., Boston, MA

1996 Cryolife Laboratory Training and Certification to perform Meniscus Allograft Transplantation, Naples, FL

1998 Instructional Course and Certification in the performance of quantitative Musculoskeletal Impairment Evaluations using the A.M.A. Guides, Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Philadelphia, PA

2002 Laboratory Surgical Technique Course for Minimally Invasive Hemi-Arthroscopy of the Knee, Chicago, IL.

2002 Uni-spacer Knee System Training Certification, Harrisburg, PA.

2003 Arthroscopy Association of North America: Focus Session Training in Simplified Methods of Allograft Meniscus Transplantation, New Orleans, LA.

2011 Arthroscopy Association of North America: Masters Surgical Techniques Course – Knee Cartilage Repair, Auto and Allograft Transplantation, Chicago, IL

Academic Faculty Appointments:

1978-80 Assistant Laboratory Instructor in Clinical Anatomy, Temple University School of Allied Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA

1982-85 Assistant Instructor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

1985-86 Clinical Instructor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

1986-95 Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA

1986-87 Engineering Degree Program Masters Thesis Advisor: Development of a Range-of-Motion Limiting System for the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer, J. Thomas, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1990-91 Engineering School Masters Thesis Advisor: Development of an Anti-shear device for the Lido Isokinetic Dynamometer, M.Spinatsch, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1993-94 Engineering Program Masters Thesis Advisor: Design Considerations for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Drill Guide Instrumentation, T. Clarke, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1995-97 Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1995-96 School of Physical Education Master's Thesis Advisor: Patellofemoral Taping: Its Effect on Patellar Position and Perceived Pain, B. Huffman, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA

1995-97 Course Director, OR306 Sports Medicine, Pre-doctoral Curriculum, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

1995-97 Director, Post-Graduate Fellowship Program in Arthroscopic and Reconstructive Knee Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

Hospital, Surgicenter, Administrative, and Research Appointments:

1975-76 Clinical Research Associate, Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY

1985-86 Attending Surgical Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA

1986-97 Attending Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1986-92 Attending Surgeon and Chief, Sports Medicine Service, Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA

1986-91 Attending Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Graduate Hospital, Philadelphia, PA

1995-97 Director, University of Pennsylvania Sports Medicine Center, Philadelphia, PA

1995-97 Chief of Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

1996-2006 Attending Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania-Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, PA

1997-2006 Independent Attending Surgical Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System

1997- Attending Staff, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virtua Health System: Marlton, Berlin, Voorhees, NJ

1997 Attending Staff, Wills Surgery Center of Cherry Hill, Cherry Hill, NJ

1997-2002 Attending Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mercy Community Hospital, Havertown, PA

1998-2002 Attending Staff, Mercy Surgicenter, Havertown, PA

2002 Attending Staff, Pennsylvania Surgery Center, Havertown, PA

2002- 2017 Attending Staff, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, PA

2006 Courtesy Attending Staff, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keystone Health System, Delaware County, PA

Current Professional Activity:

Private Practice of Orthopaedic Knee Surgery: Pennsylvania Knee & Shoulder Center / New Jersey Knee & Shoulder Center, Havertown, PA and Mt. Laurel, NJ.

Specialty Certification:

1989 Board Certified in the specialty of orthopaedic surgery by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery.

1997 Board re-certified in orthopaedic surgery by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Licensure:

Pennsylvania (1981 to present)
New Jersey (1986 to present)
Delaware (1998 to present)

Awards, Honors, and Peer Recognition:

1975 Cornell University: Graduated with "Distinction in All Subjects"

1984 University of Pennsylvania: Orthopaedic Biomechanics/Biophysics Award

1986 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons / Orthopaedic Research Society: Elizabeth Winston Lanier (Kappa Delta) Award, for outstanding orthopaedic research.

1986 American Orthopaedic Association: North American Traveling Fellowship Award.

1993 Selected for published citation in "The Best Doctors in America" (Sub-specialty category: Knee/Shoulder Arthroscopy).

1993 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise: The 1987 article by Sapega, et. al., "Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Non-invasive technique for the Study of Muscle Bio-energetics During Exercise", was selected by the Editorial Board from amongst thousands of previously published papers, for reprinting in the lead-off position of the Journal's 25 year, Retrospective Review issue.

1996 Selected for citation in "Who's Who in Medicine and Healthcare"

1996 Selected for inclusion in "The Best Doctors in America: Northeast Region (1996-1997)".

1997 Selected for citation in "Who's Who in Science and Engineering".

1997 Elected to full Fellowship status in American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.

1998 Repeat selection for listing in "The Best Doctors in America" reference text (sub-specialty category: Arthroscopy / Sports Medicine).

1998 Selected for citation: "New Jersey's Top Docs", in New Jersey Monthly Magazine.

2003 Repeat selection for listing in "The Best Doctors in America" reference text (sub-specialty category: Arthroscopy / Sports Medicine).

2004 Science Citation Index: listed over 800 medical and scientific authors who have cited the published clinical and scientific work of Dr. Alexander Sapega in their own research and teaching publications over the past twenty years.

2006 Cited “Top Physicians of South Jersey - 2006” by South Jersey Magazine, as voted by peer physicians (www.southjersey.com).

2007 Cited “Top Physicians of South Jersey - 2007” by South Jersey Magazine, as voted by peer physicians (www.southjersey.com).

2007 Repeat selection for listing in “The Best Doctors in America” published by Best Doctors, (sub-specialty category: knee arthroscopy and sports medicine).

2009 Repeat selection for listing in “The Best Doctors in America” published by Best Doctors, (sub-specialty category: knee arthroscopy and sports medicine).

2010 Cited "Top Docs 2010" in SJ Magazine as voted by peer physicians

2011-12 Selected for citation in “Who's Who in Science and Engineering”

2011-12 Repeat selection for listing in “The Best Doctors in America” published by Best Doctors, (sub-specialty category: knee arthroscopy and sports medicine).

2013 Cited "Best Physicians of South Jersey - 2013" by South Jersey Magazine, www.southjersey.com).

2013-14 Repeat selection for listing in “The Best Doctors in America” published by Best Doctors, (sub-specialty category: knee arthroscopy and sports medicine).

2015 Cited "Best Doctors of 2015" by South Jersey Magazine, August 2015 www.southjersey.com).

2015-16 Repeat selection for listing in “The Best Doctors in America” published by Best Doctors, (sub-specialty category: knee arthroscopy and sports medicine).

2016 Cited "Best Doctors of 2016" by South Jersey Magazine, August 2016 www.southjersey.com).

2016 Cited as a "Top Doctor" by New Jersey Top Docs, a division of USA Top Docs.

2017 Repeat selection for listing as a "Top Doctor" by New Jersey Top Docs, a division of USA Top Docs.

Memberships In Professional And Scientific Groups:

1987- 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society

1987-91 Canadian Association of Applied Sports Sciences

1990-2013 Arthroscopy Association of North America

1990-99 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine

1990-92 Academic Orthopaedic Society

1991- Fellow, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

1992-2004 Herodicus Society - An international group of orthopaedic surgeons (membership by invitation only) with scientific and clinical expertise in arthroscopy and joint surgery.

2001- Orthopaedic Surgeons of New Jersey / New Jersey Orthopaedic Society.

Editorial Positions:

1982-86 Editorial Consultant - The Physician and Sports Medicine

1983-86 Consultant Reviewer - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

1985-90 Consultant Reviewer - The American Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

1988-91 Editorial Board, Post-Graduate Advances in Sports Medicine (Forum Medicus)

1988-95 Editorial Board, American Journal of Knee Surgery

1988-91 Consultant Reviewer - Journal of Orthopaedic Research

1990-99 Editorial Board for Research, American Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

1999- Consultant Reviewer in Sports Medicine / Muscle Pathophysiology, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Edition.

2003 - Consultant Manuscript Reviewer – American Journal of Sports
Medicine.

Bibliography:

1. Nicholas, JA, Sapega, AA, Kraus, H., and Webb, JN: Factors Influencing Manual Muscle Tests in Physical Therapy: The Magnitude and Duration of Force Applied. J. Bone and Joint Surg. Vol. 60A, No. 2:186-190, 1978

2. Sapega, AA, Minkoff, J, Nicholas, JA, and Valsamis, M: Sport- Specific Performance Factor Profiling: Fencing as a Prototype. Am. J. Sports Med., Vol. 6, No. 5 232-235, 1978

3. Sapega, AA, and Nicholas, JA: The Clinical Use of Musculo skeletal Profiling in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Phys. and Sportsmed., Vol. 9, No. 4:80-88, 1981

4. Sapega, AA, Quedenfeld, TC, Moyer, RA, and Butler, RA: Biophysical Factors in Range-of-Motion Exercise. Phys. and Sportsmed., Vol. 9, No. 12:57-65, 1981

5. Chance, B, Eleff, S, Leigh, JS, Sokolow, D, and Sapega, AA: Mitochondrial Regulation of Phosphocreatine/Inorganic Phosphate Ratios in Exercising Human Muscle: A Gated 31P NMR Study, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 78, No. 11: 6714-6718, 1981

6. Chance, B, Barlow, C, Ligeti, L, Gulyi, L, Eleff, S, Sapega, AA, and Sokolow, D: 31P NMR of Arm and Brain as an Index of Mitochondrial Performance. Biophysical J., 37:81A, 1982

7. Sapega, AA, Nicholas, JA, Sokolow, D, and Saraniti, A: The Nature of Torque "Overshoot" in Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometry. Med. Sci. in Sports and Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 5: 368-375, 1982

8. Strizak, AM, Gleim, GW, Sapega, AA, and Nicholas, JA: Hand and Forearm Strength and Its Relation to Tennis Elbow. Am. J. Sports Med., Vol. 11, No. 4:234-239, 1983

9. Sapega, AA, Torg, JS, Drillings, B, and Vegso, JJ: Modifications for Enhanced Data Collection and Analysis with the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Phys. and Sportsmed., Vol 11, No. 2:103-110, 1983

10. Sapega, AA and Drillings, G: The Definition and Assessment of Muscular Power. J. Ortho. and Sports Phys. Ther.,Vol. 5, No. 1:7-9, 1983

11. Chance, B, Leigh, JS, Eleff, S, Sapega, AA, Sokolow, D, Berkowitz, H, and Warnell, R: 31P NMR Spectroscopy of Animal Brain and Human Limbs. Acta. Radiologica, Suppl. 365:73-77, 1983

12. Sapega, AA, Minkoff, J. Valsamis, M, and Nicholas, J: Musculoskeletal Performance Testing and Profiling of Elite Competitive Fencers. Clinics in Sports Med., Vol. 3, No. 1: 231-244, 1984

13. Sapega, AA: How Might Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Be Used in the In-Vivo Monitoring of Energy Metabolism and Substrate Flow? (Continuation of B. Chance). J. Trauma, 24: (9) S162-S164, 1984

14. Osterman, AL, Heppenstall, RB, Sapega, AA, Katz, M, Chance, B, and Sokolow, DP: Muscle Ischemia and Hypothermia: A Bioenergetic Study Using 31Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J. Trauma, 24:811-817, 1984

15. Sapega, AA, Heppenstall, RB, Chance, B, Park, YS, and Sokolow, DP: Optimizing Tourniquet Application and Release Times in Extremity Surgery: A Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 67A:303-314, 1985

16. Shenton, DW, Heppenstall, RB, Chance, B, Glasgow, SG, Schnall, MD, and Sapega, AA: Electrical Stimulation of Human Muscle Studied by 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J. Ortho. Research, 4: 204-211, 1986

17. Sapega, AA, Heppenstall, RB, Osterman, AL, Chance, B, and Maris, J: Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscular Metabolic State in Human Extremity Compartment Syndromes with Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. University of Penn. Ortho. J., 2:73-74, 1986

18. Heppenstall, RB, Scott, RJ, Sapega, AA, Park, YS, and Chance, B: A Comparative Study of the Tolerance of Skeletal Muscle to Ischemia: Tourniquet Application vs. Acute Compartment Syndrome. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 68A:820-828, 1986

19. Mesgarzadeh, M, Sapega, AA, Bonakdarpour, A, et al: Osteochondritis Dissecans: Analysis of Its Mechanical Stability by Radiography, Bone Scintigraphy and MR Imaging. Radiology, 165:775-780, 1987

20. Heppenstall, RB, Sapega, AA, Scott, R, Shenton, D, Park, YS, Maris, J, and Chance, B: The Compartment Syndrome: An Experimental and Clinical Study of Muscular Energy Metabolism Using Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Clin. Ortho. and Rel. Res., 126:138-155, 1988

21. Torg, JS, Clancy, W, Johnson, RJ, Sapega, AA, Steadman, R: Symposium: Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Contemporary Orthopaedics, Vol. 16, No. 1. January, 1988

22. Sapega, AA, Heppenstall, RB, Sokolow, DP, et al: The Bioenergetics of Limb Preservation Prior to Replantation: The Rationale for "Intermediate Hypothermia". J. Bone and Joint Surg., 70-A:1500-1513, 1988

23. Torg, JS, Sapega, AA, Sokolow, DP, and Drillings, G: Fibular Head Transposition: An Extra-Articular Procedure for Controlling the Pivot Shift in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee. Am. J. of Knee Surg. 2:21-35, 1989

24. Heppenstall, RB, Sapega, AA, Izant, TI, Fallon, R, Shenton, D, Young, SP, and Chance, B: Compartment Syndrome: A Quantitative Study of High-Energy Phosphate Compounds Using 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J. Trauma, 29:1113-1119, 1989

25. Sapega, AA, Moyer, RA, Schneck, C, and Komalahiranya, N: Testing for Isometry during Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. J. Bone and Joint Surg. 72A:259-267, 1990

26. Boden, BP, Moyer, RA, Betz, RR, and Sapega, AA:Arthroscopically- Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Follow-up Study. Contemp. Ortho. 20:187-194, 1990

27. Sapega, AA: Current Concepts Review: Muscle Performance Evaluation in Orthopaedic Practice. American Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 72A:1562-1574, 1990

28. Glasgow, SG, Gabriel, JP, Sapega, AA, Glasgow, MT and Torg, JS: The Effect of Early vs. Late Return to Vigorous Activity on the Outcome of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21:243-248, 1993

29. Tolin, B and Sapega, AA: Arthroscopic Visual Field Mapping at the Periphery of the Medial Meniscus: A Comparison of Different Portal Approaches. J. Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 9:265-271, 1993

30. Covey, DC, Martin, RC and Sapega, AA: Arthroscopically-Assisted Allograft Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Technique and Biomechanical Considerations. J. Orthopaedic Techniques, 1:91-97, 1993

31. Covey, DC, Sapega, AA: Current Concepts Review: Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. J. Bone & Joint Surg. 75-A:1376-1386, 1993

32. Sapega, AA, Kelley, MJ: Strength Testing About the Shoulder. J. Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 3:(5), 327-345, 1994.

33. Kuhlman, JR, Sapega, AA: Complete Arthroscopic Visualization of the Menisci. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. 5:(1), 20-27, 1995

34. Gold, DL, Schaner, PJ, Sapega, AA: The Posteromedial Portal in Knee Arthroscopy: An Analysis of Diagnostic and Surgical Utility. J. Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 11:(2) 139- 145, 1995.

35. Garino, JP, Lotke, PA, Sapega, AA, Reilly, PJ, Esterhai, JL:
Osteonecrosis of the Knee Following Laser-Assisted Arthroscopic Surgery: A Report of Six Cases. J. Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 11:(4) 467-474, 1995.

36. Gelb, HJ, Glasgow, SG, Sapega, AA, and Torg, JS: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Knee Disorders: Clinical Value and Cost- effectiveness in a Sports Medicine Practice. Amer. J. of Sports Medicine. 24:(1) 99-103, 1996.

37. Bernot, M, Gupta, R, Dobrasz, J, Chance, B, Heppenstall, RB and Sapega, AA: The Effect of Antecedent Ischemia on the Tolerance of Skeletal Muscle to Increased Interstitial Pressure. J. Ortho. Trauma. 10:(8) 555-559, 1996.

38. Covey, DC, Sapega, AA and Sherman, GM: Testing for Isometry During Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament. Amer. J. Sports Medicine. 24:(6) 740-746, 1996.

39. Covey, DC, Sapega, AA, Marshall, R.: The Effects of Varied Joint
Motion and Loading Conditions on Posterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber-Length Behavior. Amer. J. Sports Medicine, 2004.

40.  Covey, DC, Sapega, AA, Riffenburgh, R.H.: The Effects of Sequential Sectioning of Defined Posterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber-Regions on Translational Knee Motion. Amer. J. Sports Medicine, In Press.

Reviews, Chapters, Monographs:

1. Chance, B, Sapega, AA, Sokolow, DP: Fatigue in Retrospect and Prospect: 31P NMR Studies of Exercise Performance. In: The Biochemistry of Exercise. International Series on Sports Sciences. Vol. 13, pp. 895-906, Illinois, Human Kinetics, 1982

2.Sapega, AA, Sokolow, P, Graham, T, and Chance, B: Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Non-Invasive Technique for the Study of Muscle Bioenergetics During Exercise. Med. and Sci. in Sports and Exercise, 19: 410-420, 1987

3. Sapega, AA: Advances in the Non-Surgical Treatment of Joint Contracture: A Biophysical Perspective. Post-Graduate Advances in Sports Medicine, Vol. III, No. 1, 1988

4. Sapega, AA: Instructional Monograph: Surgical Technique for Arthroscopic-Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with the Dyonics Kinemetric Guide System. Copyright 1988, Dyonics, Inc.

5. Sapega, AA: Arthroscopically-Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. In: Current Therapy in Sports Medicine, second edition, edited by Welsh, P and Torg, JS, pp 292-297, B.C. Decker, Philadelphia, 1990

6. Sapega, AA: Surgical Technique Monograph: An "Inside-Out" Technique for Posteromedial Portal Placement in Knee Arthroscopy. Copyright 1990, Smith and Nephew Dyonics, Inc.

7. Sapega, AA, and Rogan, LK: Optimizing the Non-Surgical Treatment of Joint Contractures. In: Knee Ligament Rehabilitation, edited by Engle, R, pp. 191-196, Churchill Livingston, N.Y., 1991.

8. Rogan, LK and Sapega, AA: Rehabilitation Following Arthroscopic- Assisted ACL Reconstruction with Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendon Autografts. In: Knee Ligament Rehabilitation, edited by Engle, R, pp. 103-116, Churchill Livingston, N.Y., 1991.

9. Sapega, AA: Preservation of Skeletal Muscle in Tissue Transfer Using Rat Hind Limbs: Published discussion of manuscript by M. Kihira, et al., J. Plastic and Reconst. Surg., August, 1991.

10. Sapega, AA: Compartment Syndromes: Recognition and Treatment. In: Medicolegal Controversies, ed. by W. Simon and G. Ehrlich, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.

11. Sapega, AA: Muscle Performance Testing in Clinical Practice: J. Neurol. Orthop. Med. Surg., 13:90-102, 1992

12. Sapega, AA: Diagnosis and Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Bone & Joint Diseases Index & Reviews, 1:1 and 15, 1992

13. Sapega, AA, Sokolow, DP, Graham, TJ, and Chance, B: Retrospective Review: Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - A Non-invasive Technique for the Study of Muscle Bioenergetics During Exercise. Med. and Sci. in Sports and Exercise, 25: 656-666, 1993

14. Covey, DC and Sapega, AA: Anatomy and Function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament. In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, The Posterior Cruciate Ligament, edited by Clancy, W.G., Jr.; W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, 13:3:509-518, July, 1994.

15. Sapega, AA: Isometry Testing During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. In: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Monograph, Chicago, edited by Wojtys, E.M., pgs. 63-69, 1994.

16. Sapega, AA and Covey, DC: The Biomechanics of Femoral and Tibial Posterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Placement. In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, The Posterior Cruciate Ligament, edited by Clancy, W.G., Jr.; W.B.Saunders, Philadelphia, 13:3:553- 559, July, 1994.

17. Sapega, AA: Arthroscopic Synovectomy. In: Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery, Knee Arthroplasty, edited by Lotke, P.A.; Raven Press, Ltd., New York, 351-363, 1995.

18. Sapega, AA: Arthroscopically-Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. In: Current Therapy in Sports Medicine, Third Edition, edited by Torg, J.S. and Shepard, R.J.; Mosby, St. Louis, 332-337, 1995.

19. Sapega, AA: Intra-Operative Isometry Testing During Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. In: Current Therapy in Sports Medicine, Third Edition, edited by Torg, J.S. and Shepard, R.J.; Mosby, St. Louis, 349-352, 1995.

20. Sapega, AA: When Is a Knee “Injury” Not a Knee Injury?, etc.: A
Call For Accuracy, Specificity and Common Sense in the Use Of Medical Terminology in Knee Litigation. In: Proceedings of Orthopaedics for Lawyers, an Instructional Syllabus for the Legal Profession. Pennsylvania Bar Institute, Philadelphia, PA. 359-364, 2002.

21. Sapega, AA: Meniscus Injuries and Their Treatment. In: Proceedings of Orthopaedics for Lawyers, an Instructional Syllabus for the Legal Profession. Pennsylvania Bar Institute, Philadelphia, PA. 315-318, 2002.

22.  Sapega, AA:  Allograft Tissue Sterilization.  In: Managing Infection Control, Volume 7, No. 2., pages 20-26, February 2007.

23.  Sapega, AA:  Understanding Thromboembolic Complications That Can Follow Arthroscopic or Related Knee Surgery. Arthroscopy Association of North America – “Pearls”; Fall Edition, November, 2008.

Published Abstracts:

1. Glasgow, M, Heppenstall, RB, Izant, T, Nelson, J, Sapega, AA: Tissue Gas Tensions, Blood Flow and High Energy Phosphate Metabolism in Experimentally Induced Compartment Syndrome. Transactions of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. Vol. 13, pg. 340, 1988.

2. Bernot, M, Sapega, A, Dobrasz, J, Chance, B, Heppenstall, RB: The Effect of Antecedent Ischemia on the Tolerance of Skeletal Muscle to Increased Interstitial Pressure. Transactions of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol. 14, pg. 341, 1989

3. Bernot, M, Sapega, A, Seestedt, R, Chance, B, Heppenstall, RB: The Canine Tail as a Low Morbidity "Extremity" Model in Studies of Prolonged Tissue Ischemia. Transactions of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol 14, pg. 472, 1989

4. Wowk, V, Sapega, AA, Moyer, RA, and Schneck, C: The Posterior "Band" of the ACL: Does it Function Reciprocally With the Central/Anteromedial Fibers? Transactions of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol 14, pg. 191, 1989

5. Schneck, S, Sapega, AA, Dobrasz, J, Chance, B, Heppenstall, RB: The Metabolic Stages in an Evolving Compartment Syndrome. Transactions of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol 15, pg. 261, 1990

6. Schneck, S, Sapega, AA, Heppenstall, RB, Alter, C, Chance, B: Optical Spectroscopy as a New Non-Invasive Technique for the Study of Muscular Metabolic State. Transactions of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol 15, pg. 549, 1990

7. Covey, DC, Sapega, AA, Sherman, GM, Torg, JS: Testing for "Isometry" During Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Transactions of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Vol. 17, pg. 665, 1992

Scientific Exhibits:

Feb., 1989 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, NV. Intra-operative "Isometry" Testing During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Sapega, AA, Moyer, RA, Wowk, V, Schneck, C.

Feb., 1990 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA. An "Inside-Out" Technique for Posteromedial Portal Placement in Knee Arthroscopy. Sapega, AA, and Lieberman, L.

Feb., 1993 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA. Intra-Operative Isometry Testing During Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Covey, DC, Sapega, AA, Torg, JS, and Sherman, GM.

Feb., 1993 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA. The Posteromedial Portal in Knee Arthroscopy: Analysis of Visual Fields and Diagnostic Utility. Sapega, AA, Gold, DL, Tolin, BS, and Schaner, PJ.

Feb., 1994 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber-Length Behavior Under Varied Joint Motion and Loading Conditions. Covey, DC and Sapega, AA.

Lectures By Invitation:

Sept. 26-28, 1983 "How Might Nuclear Magnetic Resonance be Used in the In-Vivo Monitoring of Energy Metabolism and Substrate Flow?" - National Institute of Health Conference on Burn Injury, Bethesda, MD

March 12, 1984 "A New Look at Tourniquet Ischemia" - Fifth Annual Snowmass Orthopaedic Seminar, Snowmass, CO

April 2, 1984 "Coupling Exercise Performance Devices to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers for Non-Invasive Studies of Muscular Energy Metabolism During Exercise" - United States Olympic Committee Sports Medicine Council Symposium on Olympic Research, Philadelphia, PA

May 15, 1984 "Applications of Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Orthopaedic Surgery" - Duke University Resident's Conference on Orthopaedic Research, Durham, NC

December 16, 1986 "Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscular Metabolic State in Human and Experimental Compartment Syndromes with 31P NMR". "Anatomical and Biomechanical Considerations in Arthroscopic-Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction" - Visiting Professor Lectures, Monmouth Med. Ctr, Monmouth, NJ

July 14, 1987 "Compartment Syndromes: New Concepts Regarding Pathophysiology and Treatment" - Olympic Congress on Sports Medicine and Science. Chapel Hill, NC

April 15, 1989 "Reconstructive Arthroscopy: Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscus" - Philadelphia Symposium on What's New in Joint Reconstruction. Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA

June 13, 1990 "The Metabolic Stages of an Evolving Compartment Syndrome" - The American Orthopaedic Association, 103rd Annual Meeting. Boston, MA.

October 13, 1990 "The Anatomy and Mechanics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Isometry Testing" - Lecture Series: Current Topics in Sports Medicine. Rochester, NY

June 20, 1991 "Arthroscopische Voorste Kruisband - Reconstructie" - Symposium: Ont-wikkelingen in de Orthopaedie, Hospital Scheperziekenhuis, Emmen, Holland

June 22, 1991 "The Anatomical and Biomechanical Basis for Isometry Testing During ACL Reconstruction" - Visiting Professor Lecture, University of West Berlin at Hospital Oskar-Helene-Heim, Berlin, Germany

June 25, 1991 "The Biomechanics of Isometry Testing During ACL Reconstruction", and "Arthroscopic Visual Field Mapping in the Posteromedial Knee Compartment" - Visiting Professor Lectures, Laboratorio Di Biomeccanica Centro Scientifico, Instituto Rizzoli, University Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

June 11, 1998 "Fixation Strength and Failure Mode of Soft Tissue ACL Grafts Held by an Interference Fixation Screw" - Symposium on New Methods of ACL Graft Fixation, Herodicus Society, Portland, Maine.

August 3, 2000 "A Contrarian Approach to the Management of Knee Injuries in the Workplace: The Role of Sub-specialty Triage" - ACCASBO Annual Joint Conference, Lake Harmony, PA.

July 21, 2003 “Physician Heal Thyself: Is Third Party Participation Really Necessary to Survive?” AOSSM Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.

April 20, 2012 "Understanding the Knee – Injuries, Conditions & Issues", "Distinguishing Between Work-Related and Non-Work Related Conditions", Employment Law & Medicine Conference, Lancaster, PA.

June 7, 2012 "Altered Gait Syndrome": Myth or Reality? IARP 13th Annual Conference, Atlantic City, NJ.

Faculty Lecturer For Educational Symposia / Instructional Courses:

March 16-17, 1989 "Intra-operative Isometry Testing During ACL Reconstruction: Anatomical and Biomechanical Considerations"; "Arthroscopic-Assisted ACL Reconstruction Using Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons: Technique and Rehabilitation" and "The Posterior Band of the ACL: Does it Function Reciprocally With the Central/ Anteromedial Fibers?" - 10th Annual Snowmass Orthopaedic Seminar, Snowmass, CO

October 14, 1989 "Intra-Operative Isometry Testing During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction": International Arthroscopy Center Instructional Course, New York, NY

June 15, 1991 "Testing for Isometry During ACL Reconstruc-tion"; "Arthroscopic Visual Field Mapping in the Posteromedial Compartment of the Knee"; and "Isometry Testing During PCL Reconstruction" - Course on Arthroscopy, Belgian Arthroscopy Association, Antwerp, Belgium

June 17, 1991 Lecture and Demonstration of Operative Technique for Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction: Cedibel-Lier Hospital, Lier, Belgium

June 19, 1991 Lecture and Live, Televised Demonstration of Surgical Technique for Knee Arthroscopy and ACL Reconstruction - St. Lucas Hospital, Winschoten, Holland

June 21, 1991 Demonstration of Surgical Technique for Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction Using Doubled, Augmented, Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons. - Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Holland

June 27-28, 1991 Course Co-Director: "Incontro Sulla Ricostruzione Artroscopica Di L.C.A." - Sandrigo Regionale Specializzato Per La Chirugia Del Ginoccio E. Artroscopia, Sandrigo, Italy

November 15, 1991 "Clinical Evaluation of the Knee", and "Pathoanatomy of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament" - International Arthroscopy Center Instructional Course for Orthopaedic Surgeons, New York, NY

March 12, 1992 "Isometry vs. "Physiometry" Testing During Reconstruction of the Cruciate Ligaments"; "Arthroscopic-Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons"; and "Maximizing Diagnostic Accuracy in the Posteromedial Compartment of the Knee - A Comparison of Portal Approaches" - 13th Annual Snowmass Orthopaedic Seminar, Snowmass, CO

October 2, 1992 "Arthroscopic Treatment of Osteoarthritis"; "Arthroscopic Synovectomy"; "Arthroscopic Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction". Symposium on Advances in Arthroscopic Surgery, Hospital of North Athens, Athens, Greece

October 4, 1992 Lecture and Live, Televised Demonstration of Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction and Posteromedial Extra-Articular Reconstruction Technique - Meekijksymposium, Hospital Sophia Ziekenhuis, Zwolle, Netherlands

May 12-15, 1993 Course Chairman: "The Knee - Current Concepts" American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Continuing Education Program. Rancho Mirage, CA (Attendance: 200 practicing orthopaedic surgeons)

April 8, 1995 "Arthroscopic Surgery for Arthritic Joints" - Philadelphia Symposium on What's New in Joint Reconstruction. Children's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA

May 18, 1996 "Autologous Chondrocyte Re-implantation as a Means of Treating Articular Surface Defects" - Joint Reconstruction Center of the University of Pennsylvania Symposium, Philadelphia, PA

January 14, 1997 "Hamstring ACL Reconstruction Using the RCI Soft Tissue Screw: Preliminary Results" - Sun Valley Course in Arthroscopy & Reconstructive Surgery - 1997, Sun Valley, Idaho.

March 10, 1998 "Pitfalls in the Management of Complex Knee Injuries in the Workers' Compensation Setting" - Marriott International, Inc. National Nursing Education Conference, Washington, D.C.

January 30, 2002 "Understanding the Knee: Injuries, conditions and Issues" - A continuing professional education course for the legal profession sponsored by the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.

November 13, 2003 Surgical Knee Teaching Laboratory Faculty:
Arthroscopy Association of North America Fall Techniques Course, New Orleans, LA.

November 22, 2008 Laboratory Instructor/Team Leader: Arthroscopy Association of North America Fall Course for Practicing Orthopedic Surgeons. Advanced Surgical Knee Techniques – Cadaver Lab, Phoenix, AZ

Moderator/Discussor For Scientific Program Sessions:

February, 1990 "Muscle Physiology." Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA

February, 1992 "Muscle Injury." Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington, DC

February, 1993 "Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy." American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Scientific Session, San Francisco, CA

Media Appearances / Presentations:

2/8/07: New Jersey Television News 12 Spotlight on Healthcare. Interview by correspondent Walt Kane regarding safer methods of reconstructive knee surgery.

3/22/07: National Public Radio, “Morning Edition”. Interview by N.P.R. Science Correspondent Jon Hamilton: “Sterilization of Surgical Tissue Implants for Patient Safety”.

Research Grant Support:

Principal Investigator: Muscle Metabolism in Exertional Compartment Syndrome, N.I.H. submission, 1989: graded "excellent"; score = 161.

Associate Investigator: Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscle Metabolism Utilizing 31P NMR Spectroscopy. Veterans' Administration Merit Review Grant 1988-90, $220,200

Principal Investigator: Instrumentation for Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Advanced Technology Center of Southeastern Pennsylvania Partnership Challenge Grant, 1986, $60,000

Associate Investigator: Non-Invasive Assessment of Ischemic Muscle Using 31Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Veterans Administration Merit Review Grant Renewal, 1985-86, $152,200

Associate Investigator: NMR Studies of Normal and Diseased Human Tissue. National Institute of Health Grant, RO1 HL 30458-01, 1982-1985, $420,929

Associate Investigator: Non-Invasive Assessment of Ischemic Muscle Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy, Veterans Administration Merit Review Grant, 1982, $86,200

Associate Investigator: Bioenergetic Demand of Transcutaneous Electrical Muscle Stimulation as Studied by 31Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Richards Manufacturing Corp. medical research grant, 1982, $19,842

U.S. and European Union Patents:

Principal Inventor: Apparatus for Reconstructive Knee Ligament Surgery. U.S. P.T.O. #4739751. Issued April 26, 1988

Principal Inventor: Method for Reconstructive Knee Ligament Surgery. U.S. P.T.O. #4922897. Issued May 8, 1990

Miscellaneous:

1997-2001 - Independent Examiner for Injured N.F.L. (National Football League) Athletes.

2005 - Selected by the Joint Committee of the NFL Players Association and NFL Management Council to serve as a “Neutral Physician Examiner” for controversial or disputed NFL injured player cases.